Financial Statement Disclosures for Financially Troubled Enterprises Readers of financial statements of companies operating under chapter 11 generally recognize the financial statement disclosures required by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Statement of Position 90-7, “Financial Reporting by Entities in Reorganization Under the Bankruptcy Code” (SOP 90-7). As required by SOP 907, financial reporting during reorganization proceedings should distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from those related to a debtors ongoing business operations. The distinction between the reorganization and the ongoing business is made on each of the debtors principal financial statements. On the balance sheet, the debtor separately classifies pre- and post-petition obligations, distinguishing those pre-petition obligations that are subject to compromise from those that are not. Reorganization- and restructuring-related income and expenses are separately presented on the statement of operations. Within the operating, investing and financing categories of the statement of cash flows, cash flows in each of those categories resulting from the reorganization process itself are separately presented.
FINANCIAL LITERACY
Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men?Under newer and tougher standards, auditors are more involved than ever before in reducing the incidence of financial fraud. Statement on Internal Auditing Standards No. 3 requires the internal auditors to recognize the characteristic warning signs of internal fraud. Certified Fraud Examiners, many of whom have an audit background, are required to resolve allegations of fraud. Statement on Auditing Standards No. 53, promulgated by the Auditing Standards Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, requires external auditors to be more proactive in searching for fraud. Statement on Auditing Standards No. 54 requires the independent auditor to recognize major illegal acts, and in some instances report them. Legislation pending in the U.S. Congress may mandate even tougher standards.To meet their ever-expanding responsibilities in the area of fraud deterrence, internal auditors must be more “fraud-savvy” than ever before. During the last five years, Ive conducted interviews with McKinley Tabor and a few dozen other offenders. There is a lot we can learn from these financial Frankensteins.
